Pharmacist independent prescriber resources
The resources listed below are not exhaustive but may be of use during consultations or for continuing professional development. Some of the resources require a subscription for access but we have tried to direct prescribers to resources which are peer reviewed and free to access. Initially the resources focus on a small number of areas but the pages will be reviewed to include new resources as they become available.
Each Health Board in Wales has a list of medicines approved for use in primary and secondary care within the health board.
The British National Formulary (BNF) and British national Formulary for Children (BNFc) list key information on the selection, prescribing, dispensing and administration of medicines. As well as these links, BNF and BNFC apps for smartphones and tablets are freely available to anyone providing services to NHS patients.
The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) produce evidence-based recommendations for the health and social care sector, developed by independent committees, including professionals and lay members, and consulted on by stakeholders.
BMJ Best practice provides step-by-step guidance on the diagnosis, treatment and management of medical conditions and can be accessed using your NHS email account.
The electronic medicines compendium (EMC) provides up to date, approved and regulated prescribing and patient information for licensed medicines.
The All Wales Therapeutics and Toxicology Centre (AWTTC) is an NHS organisation and delivers a range of services. These services support the best use of medicines to help patients in Wales be healthier and better-informed.
The Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS) are a team of pharmacy professionals and support staff, commissioned by NHS England, to provide impartial advice for pharmacists and other professionals using medicines.
The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) develop evidence-based guidelines for Scotland, using a network of clinicians, other health and social care professionals, patient organisations and individuals.
GPnotebook is a clinical reference tool focused on the needs of the general practitioner but may be useful for other prescribers in primary care. Access to the “pro” version of the website does require a subscription.
Lab Tests Online-UK is a resource written by practising laboratory doctors and scientists to help you understand the many clinical laboratory tests that are used in diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of disease.
The Specialist Pharmacy Service has developed a medicines monitoring page using publications and expert opinion. It is designed to save clinician time, but not replace professional responsibility. When using this page you should: ensure an individualised monitoring plan is developed in partnership with the patient and take account of any locally agreed advice and guidance.
There are several websites and smartphone apps which may be useful to those training as independent prescribers or for those wanting to expand scope of prescribing practice to a different area (may require registration or subscription).
- Geeky Medics
- Oxford Medical Education
- Macleod's Clinical examination - Textbook and has a set of demonstration videos freely accessible
- Korotkoff Sounds Annotated video
- EasyAuscultation.com has several free sections that will be helpful for learning about basic heart and lung sounds, lessons, quizzes and guides.
- Practical Clinical Skills includes heart and lung sounds reference guide.
- The Swallowing difficulties – Specialist Pharmacy Service includes information and advice on using medicines safely and effectively in patients with swallowing difficulties
- The NEWT Guidelines contain advice on the administration of medication to patients with swallowing problems but it is important to note that this is usually outside the product licence. Access to the site may require a subscription (or may require access via an NHS Wales account)
- KidMedz Cymru is designed to teach children and young people over the age of five how to safely swallow tablets and capsules.
- Medicines for children includes a section providing videos and information about how to give different formulations of medicines to your child.
Healthcare associated infections are becoming an increasing problem in healthcare, particularly with the development of antibiotic resistance. Sepsis is a rare life-threatening condition that can develop rapidly from what might be otherwise innocuous infections.
NICE Resources:
- NICE guidance NG51: Sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management covers the recognition, diagnosis, and early management of sepsis for all populations.
- NICE guideline NG143: Fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management covers the assessment and early management of fever with no obvious cause in children aged under 5
- NG143 Traffic light tool
Other resources:
- National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2 is the latest version of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), first produced in 2012 and updated in December 2017, which advocates a system to standardise the assessment and response to acute illness.
- Royal College of General Practitioners Sepsis Toolkit provides a collection of tools, knowledge, and current guidance to support the identifying and appropriate management of patients with sepsis.
- Sepsis Trust has produced operational clinical tools for all ages (except specifically for neonates) across a wide range of healthcare settings. They have been formally endorsed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).
Coming soon
Hypertension
NICE Resources:
- NICE Guideline NG136: Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management cover the identification and treatment of primary hypertension (high blood pressure) in people aged 18 and over, including people with type 2 diabetes.
- Includes a 2-page visual summary on the recommendations: NICE guideline hypertension visual summary
Other resources:
- British and Irish Hypertension Society provides tools and guidance to help health professionals prevent, detect, and manage high blood pressure and its related conditions
- BMJ learning module ‘Managing Hypertension in Primary Care’ overview of the latest guidance on managing patients with hypertension and a guide to differentiating between primary and secondary hypertension. (may require a subscription)
- BMJ Best Practice Essential Hypertension
Resources for patients and carers:
- British Heart Foundation patient information on measuring and managing blood pressure
- NICE hypertension patient decision tool
- British and Irish Hypertension Society resources and information for patients
Lipid Management
- NICE Clinical Guideline CG67: Lipid modification: Cardiovascular risk assessment and the modification of blood lipids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
- BMJ learning module ‘Lipid management: primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease’ provides a guide to managing patients' lipids, including the benefits and side effects of statins and other lipid lowering drugs (may require a subscription).
- BMJ Best Practice Hypercholesterolaemia
Atrial Fibrillation
AWTTC Resources:
NICE Resources:
- NICE Guideline NG196 Atrial fibrillation: diagnosis and management
Other resources:
- BMJ learning module ‘Starting patients on oral anticoagulants in primary care: how to do it’ provides information for healthcare professionals in primary care on starting oral anticoagulants safely and effectively.
- BMJ Best Practice new-onset atrial fibrillation
- BMJ learning module ‘Maintaining patients on oral anticoagulants: how to do it’ reviews how to maintain patients on oral anticoagulation, best practice for dose adjustment, different models of care, and the potential harms of oral anticoagulants
- BMJ Best Practice established atrial fibrillation
- Mdcalc Creatinine Clearance Calculator
- Mdcalc Orbit Bleeding Risk Score for Atrial Fibrillation
HEIW Resources for Community Pharmacist Independent Prescribers
Coming soon! HEIW are developing a host of resources to support Pharmacists accredited to provide the Pharmacy independent Prescribing Service from Community Pharmacy to maintain prescribing competence in or expand scope of prescribing practice into managing those presenting with symptoms f an acute respiratory condition.
General resources:
- Useful clip covering respiratory clinical assessment skills: Respiratory Examination – OSCE guide
- Useful clip covering respiratory history taking: Respiratory History Taking – OSCE guide
Asthma
AWTTC resources:
- All Wales adult asthma management and prescribing guideline
- All Wales paediatric asthma management and prescribing guidelines
Other resources:
- NICE Guideline NG245: Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management.
- BTS/NICE/SIGN Joint Guideline on Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary isease (COPD)
AWTTC Resources:
Other Resources:
- NICE Guideline NG114 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbation): antimicrobial prescribing
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease works with health care professionals and public health officials around the world to raise awareness of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and to improve prevention and treatment. They produce evidence-based strategy documents for COPD diagnosis, management, and prevention, along with quick reference guides.
- RCGP Learning Target How to…? Resource for COPD
HEIW Resources:
- Awareness campaigns
- The specific campaign linked to pain is: Analgesic Stewardship and Pain Management
- An e-learning package aimed at all healthcare professionals working in various sectors in Wales can be found at: Managing persistent pain – The 6 Pillars approach (requires registration on the Y Ty Dysgu learning management system)
AWTTC Resource:
Other Resources:
- NICE Guideline NG193: Chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain
- It includes a visual Summary setting out how to use NG193: NG193 Visual summary
- Resources for healthcare professionals and patients can be found at: Home - Live Well with Pain
- Flippin’ pain is a public health campaign containing resources co-created by people with persistent pain, healthcare professionals, pain scientists and communications experts.
HEIW Resources for Community Pharmacist Independent Prescribers
Coming soon! HEIW are developing a host of resources to support Pharmacists accredited to provide the Pharmacy Independent Prescribing Service (PIPS) from Community Pharmacy to maintain prescribing competence in or expand scope of prescribing practice into managing those presenting with symptoms of an acute infection.
General resources on Infection
AWTTC resources:
- Primary care antimicrobial guidelines
- Management of Clostridioides difficile infection in Wales
- Back up antibiotic prescribing: Good practice guide
- All Wales Guidance for penicillin allergy de-labelling in adults in secondary care
HEIW Resources:
- Antimicrobial Stewardship and Resistance for prescribers eLearning package (requires registration on the Y Ty Dysgu learning management system)
- Various resources for healthcare professionals can be found at Awareness campaigns
- The specific campaigns linked to antimicrobials are:
Ear Infection
Useful clips covering ear examination include:
- BMJ Learning how to examine the ear with an otoscope
- Geeky Medics Hearing Assessment and Otoscopy – OSCE Guide
NICE Resources:
- NICE Guideline NG91 Otitis media (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
- NICE guideline NG233 Otitis media with effusion in under 12s
Patient and carer resources:
- Healthier Together: otitis media (earache): Healthier Together
Respiratory Tract Infection
NICE Resources:
- NICE Guidance NG120: Cough (acute): antimicrobial prescribing. It includes a 2-page visual summary on the recommendations: NICE Guideline NG120 Visual Summary
- NICE guideline NG237 Suspected acute respiratory infection in over 16s: assessment at first presentation and initial management
- NICE Guideline NG114 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbation): antimicrobial prescribing
- NICE guideline NG79 Sinusitis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
- NICE guideline NG84 Sore throat (acute): antimicrobial prescribing. It includes a 2-page visual summary on the recommendations: NICE guideline NG79: Visual summary
Other Resources:
- BMJ Best Practice Acute Bronchitis
- BMJ Best Practice Community-acquired pneumonia in adults (nonCOVID-19)
- BMJ article on Management of chronic refractory cough Chronic cough: a practical approach to assessment and management | Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (bmj.com)
- BMJ Article on recurrent lower respiratory tract infections in children Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections in children | The BMJ
- BMJ article on obstructive sleep apnoea in adults Obstructive sleep apnoea in adults | The BMJ
- Useful clip covering respiratory clinical assessment skills: Respiratory Examination – OSCE guide
- Useful clip covering respiratory history taking: Respiratory History Taking – OSCE guide
- Useful clip covering nasal examination history taking: nasal examination – OSCE guide
Patient and carer resources:
- NICE endorsed patient resource – Cough in Adults
- NHS Patient Information Leaflet - Cough
- NHS Patient Information Leaflet - Antibiotics
- TARGET Treating your infection - Respiratory tract infection leaflet
- TARGET Treating your infection - Respiratory tract infection PICTORIAL leaflet
- Respiratory tract infection resource suite: Patient facing materials (rcgp.org.uk)
Skin infection
- DermNet® is a free resource for healthcare professionals serving as a comprehensive database of skin conditions.
- British Association of Dermatologists (BAD)
- Primary Care Dermatology Society (PCDS)
NICE Resources:
- NICE guideline NG141 Cellulitis and erysipelas: antimicrobial prescribing
- NICE guideline NG153 Impetigo: antimicrobial prescribing
- NICE guideline NG182 Insect bites and stings: antimicrobial prescribing
- NICE guideline NG190 Secondary bacterial infection of eczema and other common skin conditions: antimicrobial prescribing
Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):
- NICE Guideline NG109 Urinary Tract Infection (lower) antimicrobial prescribing. It includes a 4-page visual summary on the recommendations: NICE Guideline NG109 Visual Summary
- Public Heath England has produced guidance on the Diagnosis of urinary tract infections: quick reference tools for primary care
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):
- NICE Guideline NG109 Urinary Tract Infection (lower) antimicrobial prescribing. It includes a 4-page visual summary on the recommendations: NICE Guideline NG109 Visual Summary
- Public Heath England has produced guidance on the Diagnosis of urinary tract infections: quick reference tools for primary care
Recurrent UTI:
- NICE Guideline NG112 Urinary tract infection (recurrent): antimicrobial prescribing. It includes a 3-page visual summary on the recommendations: NICE Guideline NG112 Visual Summary
- AWTTC management recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infection in adult women
- RCGP Learning Target How to…? Resource for recurrent UTI
Pyelonephritis:
- NICE Guideline NG111 Pyelonephritis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing. It includes a 3-page visual summary on the recommendations: NICE Guideline NG111 Visual Summary
Patient and Carer Resources:
Coming soon
Contraception
HEIW Resources for Community Pharmacist Independent Prescribers
Coming Soon! HEIW are developing a host of resources to support Pharmacists accredited to provide the Pharmacy independent Prescribing Service from Community Pharmacy to maintain prescribing competence in or expand scope of prescribing practice into managing those requiring contraception services.
- The College of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (CoSRH) Guidance (formerly the faculty Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (FSRH))
- UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (UKMEC) helps clinicians decide what contraceptives they can safely recommend based on the medical conditions of patients in their care.
- FSRH Clinical Guideline: Emergency Contraception
- FSRH CEU Guidance: Switching or Starting Methods of Contraception
- FRSH Clinical Guideline: Quick Starting Contraception
- FRSH Clinical Guideline: problematic Bleeding with Hormonal Contraception
Other resources:
- NHS Wales Community Pharmacy Young persons Brief Screening Checklist
- RCGP Learning Women's Health Library: Sexual and Reproductive Health Resources
Patient and carer resources:
Menopause
- NICE guideline NG23 Menopause: identification and management
- British menopause Society (BMS) Tool for Clinicians menopause: identification and management – from NICE guideline to practice
- BMS guidelines on the management of unscheduled bleeding on hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
- BMS Tools for Clinicians includes a HRT visual guide, guidance for practice top ten tips, HRT preparations and Equivalents and prescribable alternatives to HRT
Patient and carer resources:
Coming soon
Coming soon
General resources
- DermNet® is a free resource for healthcare professionals serving as a comprehensive database of skin conditions.
- British Association of Dermatologists (BAD)
- Primary Care Dermatology Society (PCDS)
- Changing Faces provides support and advice for those with a visible difference (including skin camouflage services)
- Mind the gap is an online clinical handbook of signs and symptoms in black and brown skin. It was developed to highlight the lack of diversity in medical literature and education
- E-Learning for Health: Dermatology Programme
- Books - Morris-Jones, R. ABC of Dermatology. Seventh edition Wiley Blackwell.
Acne
- NICE Guideline NG198 Acne vulgaris: management
- DermNet® Acne Overview
- PCDS Acne vulgaris overview including primary care treatment pathway
- BMJ Best Practice Acne vulgaris
- RCGP Learning Target How to…? Resource for acne vulgaris
Patient and carer resources:
Rosacea
- BMJ Best practice Rosacea
- DermNet® Rosacea Overview
- PCDS Rosacea overview including primary care treatment pathway
- National rosacea society National Rosacea Society | Rosacea.org
Dermatitis and Eczema
- PCDS Eczema: contact allergic dermatitis overview
- DermNet® dermatitis Overview
- DermNet® seborrhoeic dermatitis Overview
Psoriasis
Patient and carer resources
- NICE Guideline NG143 Fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management
- NG143 Traffic light tool is useful for identifying the risk of serious illness in under 5s
- NICE Guideline NG240 Meningitis (bacterial) and meningococcal disease: recognition, diagnosis and management
- NICE guideline NG233 Otitis media with effusion in under 12s
- KidMedz Cymru is designed to teach children and young people over the age of five how to safely swallow tablets and capsules.
- Medicines for children includes resources for both health professionals and parents
Patient and Parent/ Carer Information:
- High temperature (fever) in children - NHS
- Spotting the sick child
- Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust patient information leaflet - Fever
- Colds, coughs and ear infections in children - NHS
- Constipation in children - NHS
- Is your baby or toddler seriously ill? - NHS
- Looking after a sick child - NHS